北斗卫星导航系统, 精密定轨, 时间同步, 双向时间比对, 星间链路

全球卫星导航系统(Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS)通过播发卫星钟差和精密轨道信息实现时间和空间基准信息向导航用户的传递. 随着高精度原子钟等导航卫星载荷、星间链路等天基/地基监测手段以及数据处理方法等技术的不断更新, 卫星轨道和钟差产品的精度和实时性也逐步提升. 2018年12月, 北斗三号卫星导航系统正式开通, 为``一带一路'国家提供实时高精度、高可靠的基本导航定位服务. 综述了北斗导航系统从北斗二号区域系统到北斗三号全球系统精密定轨与时间同步处理面临的困难和挑战, 针对上述问题, 阐述了北斗运行控制系统的解决途径和实现指标. 与GPS等其他GNSS系统进行比较, 分析了不同导航系统技术特点. 最后展望了精密定轨与时间同步技术未来的发展路线图, 为更高精度的GNSS导航定位授时服务提供参考.

BeiDou navigation satellite system, orbit determination, time synchronization, two-way time comparison, satellite inter-link

In the form of satellite ephemerides and clock parameters, the information of space datum and system time of one global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is transferred to users. With the continuously updating of satellite payload such as high precision atomic clocks, monitoring and tracking techniques such as inter-satellite links, and data processing techniques, accuracy and real-time performance of satellite ephemerides and clock products are steadily improved. Starting from December 27th, 2018, BeiDou Navigation System 3, or BDS-3 has been providing accurate and reliable basic positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services to the users in the countries within the ``one belt and one road'. This paper summarizes the faced challenges of precise orbit determination and time synchronization and specific solutions sought from the regional BDS-2 system to BDS-3 global system at the control segment. It is interesting to compare BDS with other GNSS systems in terms of technical characteristics. Finally, aiming at higher accuracy and more reliable PNT services, the road map of precise orbit determination and time synchronization technique for next generation navigation systems is discussed, which will be the global navigation satellite systems with higher accuracy.

国家自然科学基金项目(11573035、41574029)、中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2016242)资助