Over 99.9% of the baryonic matter in the universe is plasma, hence plasma astrophysics is an important branch of modern astrophysics, which provides the sound foundation for us to understand the formation, evolution, and various eruptive phenomena in astrophysical systems. The 14 papers in this Special Issue systematically introduce the research progress in the solar and heliospheric plasmas made by the Plasma Astrophysics group in Purple Mountain Observatory, with the aim to help readers get a glimpse of the research frontiers and remaining questions.